Green Building Law Update

Environmental Law and Sustainability for Business

Green Globes New Multifamily Rating Systems Respond to the Market

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Green Building, Green Globes

On July 11 the Green Building Initiative launched the Green Globes Multifamily for New Construction and Green Globes Multifamily for Existing Buildings.

While certainly there is a market in developers of newly constructed multifamily buildings, spending on multifamily construction was more than $61 Billion in 2017, being 18% of all new residential construction spending, up from just 7% in 1993; the sweet spot of these new green building rating systems is anyone looking for a green building discount on a new loan for an existing multifamily building, where Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac held 37% of all mortgages on multifamily properties in 2017, being more than $467 Billion, according to Federal Reserve data.

These new rating systems will wield a positive force in the world responding to the large multifamily market.

Much of that market opportunity is driven by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac green financing programs. For example, Fannie Mae offers a lower all-in interest rate on a loan secured by a new purchase or refinancing of a multifamily property with a Fannie Mae recognized green building certification.

We are closing a loan for a client this week and the pricing with Fannie Mae has a discounted interest rate spread from 174 basis points to 158 basis points, which will be, literally, Millions of dollars of savings for that multifamily property owner over the life of the loan.

The two new rating systems are likely best characterized as new multi-family “modules” within the existing Green Globes programs. The Green Globes Multifamily for New Construction rating system is modified from Green Globes for New Construction to take into account the specific and unique needs and sustainability goals of multifamily project types and will be uniquely assessed using the existing 1,000 point scale of seven categories: Project Management, Site, Energy, Water, Materials & Resources, Emissions, and Indoor Environment.

The new rating systems are very broad in eligibility (.. more so than other comparable green building rating systems) when a project must be a building or property with a minimum of 5 units.

GBI is known for swiftness n third party certification. There are two timeframes for certification, non-expedited (i.e., normal) and expedited. Expedited Certification for existing building is 30 to 45 days and new construction is 45 to 60 days. Non-expedited certification for existing building is 90 days and new construction is 4 to 6 months.

The program details are in newly published Technical Reference Manuals available on the GBI website. Of import both Green Globes multifamily programs have energy and water-based requirements in addition to the standard Green Globes requirement of achieving a minimum 35% total score out of all applicable points. The purpose of Minimum Requirements is to realize ‘either’ energy or water consumption savings of 15%. Projects pursuing a Green Globes multifamily certification must identify whether they are targeting energy water, each of which have their own requirements. To see the Minimum Requirements for Green Globes Multifamily New Construction and Existing Buildings, click here.

The Existing Building program will not only be a significant driver of new projects to GBI, but those in the know have described it as having the potential to wield a positive force in the world moving the large multifamily existing building market toward green, something current green building standards have not accomplished.

While this post has highlighted (.. the very large) dollar savings available with Green Globes Multifamily for New Construction and Green Globes Multifamily for Existing Buildings, of course the real aim is more sustainable building and in this first month of the programs a surprising number of the inquiries we have received are from property owners seeking to comply with existing laws and mandatory green building requirements, the sweet spot of these new rating systems is a green building discount on a new loan for an existing (refinancing or new purchase) of a multifamily building.

Mission Critical at the Department of Defense now includes Climate

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Climate Change, Environmental, Federal

On August 13 the President signed the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019. The $716 billion H.R. 5515, authorizes appropriations for the Department of Defense for procurement of everything from aircraft, missiles, ammunition, shipbuilding and space defense to military installation construction; and is arguably the most significant environmental legislation enacted anywhere this year.

On page 627 of the 1,360 page bill, for the first time there is a section entitled, “INCLUSION OF CONSIDERATION OF ENERGY AND CLIMATE RESILIENCY EFFORTS IN MASTER PLANS FOR MAJOR MILITARY INSTALLATIONS.”

In military speak, ‘‘the term ‘energy and climate resiliency’ means anticipation, preparation for, and adaptation to utility disruptions and changing environmental conditions and the ability to withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from utility disruptions while ensuring the sustainment of mission-critical operations.’’

There is no doubt this is a significant shift in emphasis.

And in a related matter, the annual Act for the first time contains a “SEC. 2805. UPDATES AND MODIFICATIONS TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FORM 1391, UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA, AND MILITARY INSTALLATION MASTER PLANS.”

The enactment requires the Secretary of Defense, with respect to any proposed major or minor military construction project to disclose whether a proposed project will be sited within or partially within a 100 year floodplain. For proposed projects that are to be so sited, the Secretary is required to undertake an assessment of flood vulnerability including a review of alternative construction sites. Most dramatically, the Secretary must now mitigate the flood risk of every project within or partially within the 100 year floodplain, including a 2 feet above the base flood elevation for non-mission critical buildings 3 feet above the base flood elevation for mission critical buildings.

.. consider the impact at Naval Station Nolfolk alone, the world’s largest naval base and all but completely below the 100 year flood plain.

Two feet freeboard construction has become an inexpensive response to concerns over rising sea levels on the East coast and the Department of Defense is on the bleeding edge with 3 feet freeboard.

While not surprising, neither of these new provisions were objected to by the President. In a written statement issued after the bill signing, the President raised objections to 52 provisions of the Act, but not to either of these environmental mandates, which are entirely consistent with the President’s view (.. wearing his ex-real estate developer hat) of these response to a changing natural environment. Presidents have used signing statements for more than 100 years to express reservations about bills they signed. The statement can be controversial because it allows presidents to reinterpret legislation, or it can even serve as a line item veto to not enforce provisions they find objectionable. But there was no such objection noted here.

These provisions are hugely important because of the size of the Department of Defense real estate portfolio of over 500,000 properties located on more than 30 million acres of land, which have more acre of wetlands and a greater number of endangered species than any other land owner. With real estate holdings in all 50 states, seven US territories, and 70 foreign countries, with over three billion square feet of built facilities, what the Department of Defense does with its real estate drives the broader built environment (on an all but planetary basis).

Given that large real estate footprint and the positive environmental externalities effecting other real estate, the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 is arguably the most significant environmental legislation enacted anywhere this year.

And it is likely you will be specifying 3 foot freeboard on your next building.

SEC Assessment of Climate Change Risks Still Mandated

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Climate Change, Federal

While I was on the Baltoro glacier making my way down from K2 in Pakistan earlier this month the Securities and Exchange Commission informed Exxon Mobil Corp. that it closed its investigation into whether the company had misled investors about the risks that climate change posed to its business.

The ending of the probe that began under the Obama Administration was viewed as more political than ‘accounting practices’ by many, is no doubt significant to Exxon, but the decision is specific to that case and does not portend any change in policy at the SEC.

SEC rules generally require public companies to disclose, among other things, known trends, events, and uncertainties that are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the company’s financial condition or operating performance in the annual report and other periodic filings. Information is material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making an investment decision.

The SEC occasionally provides guidance on topics of general interest to the business and investment communities by issuing interpretive releases, which publish the Commission’s views and interpret federal securities laws and SEC regulations. Guidance was published in 2010 by the SEC to provide interpretation for companies on how existing disclosure requirements apply to climate change related matters.  My blog post on that 2010 Guidance identifies matters that may be most likely to require climate change related disclosure in companies’ annual filings.

An historical context is relevant because at the time the 2010 Guidance was issued, “cap and trade” legislation was pending in Congress; the Environmental Protection Agency was taking steps to regulate greenhouse gas emissions; and there were efforts to launch an international cap and trade system. However, those Obama period changes did not occur.

Of note, in response to a request from Congressional members, the SEC later issued two reports to Congress in 2012 and 2014 that narrowly examined only variations in climate change related disclosures in select industries. The SEC found that most of those filings included some level of climate related disclosures and reported that there were no notable year-to-year changes.

But today, after announced withdrawal from the Paris Accord, repeal of the power plant rule and with EnergyStar on the ropes, the political climate in Washington DC is very different than it was in 2010.

That observed, public companies must continue to follow the SEC guidance by annually evaluating and considering climate change related matters.

And we continue to assist corporate counsel, both through our law firm and non law subsidiary, in satisfying environmental disclosure obligations under federal and state laws and regulations. But that does not necessarily mean that a determination on a climate-related or other environmental issue triggers a public disclosure. As I recently told Bloomberg, “disclosures that are potentially made associated with climate change are uncertain and speculative when compared to other disclosures made by publicly traded companies.” That is, the majority of public companies we advise, ultimately determine no disclosure is the correct course of conduct.

And as I described in an earlier blog post, data culled from filings of public companies listed on U.S. stock exchanges reveals that in recent years less than 30% of all public companies made a climate change disclosure of any kind.

Again, all are cautioned to not over read that the SEC ended its probe of Exxon, but the current SEC is not pushing companies to make public climate related disclosures.

Jury Awards Millions in Sustainable Hog Case

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Environmental, Sustainability

Last week a jury in federal court awarded more than $470 million to six people who live from one-third of a mile to one mile away from a hog farm, run by Murphy Brown an affiliate of Smithfield Foods, in a rural patch of Pender County, North Carolina.

The lawsuit is the third to go to verdict of more than two dozen cases pending in North Carolina. In April another federal jury award ten families in Bladen County $50 Million. And then in June a different jury awarded $25 million to a couple in Duplin County.

Of note, the most recent verdict is against two farms that have the largest ‘humanely raised’ hog operations in the state. Hog farms are a multi Billion dollar business in North Carolina, the second largest pork producing state (second to Iowa).

And while there is no doubt that the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals will review these verdicts, including how statutory damages caps reduce the amounts actually collectible, these cases present a harsh reality of farms being pushed to respond to demand for sustainable agricultural products while battling nuisance claims brought by carpetbagger trial lawyers on behalf of city slickers who have moved to rural farm communities.

Also fascinating are the arguments made at trial. According to a representative of the North Carolina Pork Council who was in the courtroom for closing arguments,

the plaintiffs’ Texas lawyer acknowledged there are no health claims, and no injuries, but he appealed to the grandparents on the jury, a “grandpa should smell like lemon drops, not hog,” he said. Such intangibles are “as valuable as any physical harm.”

Again the millions awarded are to six people who live from one-third of a mile to one mile away from a long-existing hog farm for odor and noise crated by farming.

North Carolina has a right to farm law, but the trial courts have ruled it inapplicable here where the properties were in residential use before the hog farm was created in 1990, despite that the plaintiffs did not live on the properties at that time and only moved there after the hog farm already existed. Such is no doubt fodder for the appellate court and the state legislature is already considering broadening the protection.

Gag orders have kept the parties from saying much, but Smithfield had previously said the lawsuits pose an existential threat to the multi Billion hog business in North Carolina. Right to farm laws have been passed to provide a defense to nuisance suits when non-agricultural uses extended into areas used for agricultural operations, but such may not be enough.

Being a farmer is a noble profession. These case may be among the worst example of plaintiffs’ lawyers run amuck. There is faith that the Fourth Circuit will restore certainty to our food supply and not allow the national movement toward ‘humanely raised’ hogs to be stalled by a handful of plaintiffs who bought houses near existing hog farms, and now complain that grandpa does not smell like lemon drops.

The Hottest Environmental Trend is Sustainable Business Practices

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Environmental, Green Building, Sustainability

In a dramatic shift the fastest growing environmental issue in 2018 is sustainable business practices.

At a time when many issues are politically charged, including environmental matters, a major shift in public opinion is happening. There are dramatic changes ongoing as a consequence of the last Presidential election that will result in less and different federal government regulation and enforcement of environmental matters (i.e., rolling back environmental regulation was a popular campaign message with the majority that voted for the current President).

Against that backdrop of less environmental regulation, a well respected national poll earlier this year that found more than half of Americans believe that climate change will not affect them. “It’s just one of thousands of other issues that are out there” was the widely reported public perception.

A Democratic campaign shop that advises candidates across America tells candidates in 2018, this is not a year to lead with environmental issues, “the environment is not on the top 10 list of issues” that will drive a voter.

Policy making public officials at EPA are talking about drinking water quality as a trending issue, but the topic has not yet caught on.

And certainly green building has stalled. Not only does green building not have the cachet of being “the cool kid on the block” that it did a decade ago, it is much more than that and the numbers of new U.S. projects registered with third party rating systems is all but moribund.

What are fast growing and emergent are sustainable business practices.

Barron’s earlier this month published an article about environmental, social and governance issues, “The New Allure of Sustainable Investing.” A former Department of Justice deputy told a state bar group this month, “voluntary business sustainability is ‘the’ fastest growing area of environmental law and maybe among all law practice areas.” A political pollster, that works regularly with Republican candidates, just weeks ago distributed a blog post, “Sustainability Isn’t Red or Blue it is the Way to Women Voters.”

There is a definite gender difference and woman are much more interested in sustainability than men. An in house newsletter at a major mutual fund articulated, “ECS as a top entrée to woman customers across all other demographics.” Such is dramatic when women control more than 50% of the nation’s wealth.

Millennials are actually interested in sustainability at higher numbers than woman. A recent market study reported 84% of millennials want to engage with businesses that are sustainable. Needless to say that percentage is huge.

Anecdotally, this law firm receives more inquiries from prospective clients about sustainability today than ever before. Today, environmental, social and governance is the fastest growing area of our business (.. and that work, law and non-law, is much more than only SEC climate change disclosures). We don’t disclose clients, but in recent months we have added to our sustainability practice, including clients that range from a large agricultural business to a retailer and an apparel firm to another law firm as well as cannabis industry members and a pharmaceutical company.

This is not a micro trend, but rather should be viewed in a macro context. With younger people driving the bus, sustainability is an opportunity for corporate American and small business alike that they had best get on board with now, .. or risk missing the bus entirely.

If you are regular reader of this blog you will notice there will be a hiatus in postings. By the time you read this I will be in Pakistan trekking and mountaineering on Broad Peak and K2. Postings will resume in August.  

Green Building that Cleans the Air

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Green Building, Green Globes, LEED

Today’s green building standards, rating systems and codes are stale, largely based in decades old science and do not go far enough to be efficacious for most business to invest in.

This is no longer a genuine debate over the negative environmental impact that buildings have on the planet. But the green building industrial complex is missing that green building can be the solution to many of the environmental impacts arising from human activity and at the same time make a business case that green building can be profitable.

There is little real dispute that given humans take shelter from the climate inside buildings, humans need to design and construct those buildings to be resilient in whatever climatic zones the building is located. Moreover, when the human population of the planet that is today over 7 billion is widely expected to exceed 10 billion by 2050, those people will seek shelter in buildings, most of which have not yet been constructed, there is a huge opportunity in what is built.

Green building is a low risk geoengineering solution to many of the environmental issues of the day.

That Green buildings can significantly reduce energy use, water use, solid waste and CO2 emissions is true, but that is old and stale. And net zero efforts generally unwisely use the same tired science and sacrifice occupant comfort while not going broad enough or deep enough often at great dollar and other costs. And there is not room in this brief blog post to talk about the junk science and other unsupported science found in many green building credits (e.g., think non-roof urban heat island effect).

Today the debate about building has shifting away from a discussion of risk toward the question of “how to capitalize on exciting opportunities.” Companies and investors are quickly realizing that environmental matters are social, political and moral issues, but also economic and business opportunities as well. This is translating into a wave of investment and innovation including in real estate, much of which is ahead of and not supported by today’s green building standards, rating systems and codes, including not in the 2018 updates?!

Parents in charrettes for new K-12 schools say their number one environmental concern is germs and the integration of anti microbial building materials, .. not something current American green building addresses well. Moreover, there are federal and state laws that all but prohibit anti germicidal claims.

The “new” materials credits for EPDs and HPDs in green building programs are based on 1970s ISOs created but never actually adopted in Europe and are not being widely used irrespective of the fact that they have been denuded of matters toxicity.

The EPA reports indoor air pollution is one of the top environmental risks to public health and a study of new high end home buyers found indoor air quality be their chief ask (not energy efficiency), but green building programs do not accentuate wall and ceiling coatings that act as air scrubbers to substantially reduce VOCs and other airborne organic particulates in interior spaces.

Concomitantly, coatings available in the market reduce odors in bathroom, kitchens and everywhere by purifying the air, not simply masking odors.

Other airborne organic particulates can be reduced in interior spaces tremendously reducing inside dust not only in clean laboratory rooms, but every treated room in home and office.

And some of the most exciting materials in the market today actually have the building exterior making a positive impact on the environment. Green building programs should today focus on geoengineering solutions like façade cladding treatments where titanium dioxide nanoparticles not only self clean the building exterior, but also clean the surrounding air! These products are not the science fiction of tomorrow, but rather they exist today and are being used. In one example researchers at Louisiana State University performed lab tests and a field study with Pureti’s titanium dioxide technology and determined it was effective, so that the treated façade at a building under construction at 570 Broome in Manhattan will have an environmental impact equivalent to removing 625 cars from the road.

Policy making staff at green building programs can debate why green building has stalled in the U.S. or can aggressively follow the market to the future updating the green building standards, rating systems and codes to be the low risk geoengineering solution to the environmental issues of the day that the business community wants and demands.

This blog post is a compilation of issues discussed by Stuart Kaplow in a recent presentation about “the science of your next green building.”

Your ENERGY STAR Score is About to Fall Precipitously

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Codes and Regulations, Energy, Green Building, Green Globes, LEED

Building owners that utilize ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager will see a dramatic change in the 1 to 100 ENERGY STAR scores after August 26, 2018. Every score model we reviewed saw a drop in ENERGY STAR score except hotels.

You have 75 days to act.

The change is significant for buildings pursuing LEED or Green Globes certification, for buildings with GSA or other government space leases tied to an ENERGY STAR score of 75, for buildings in cities with mandatory benchmarking, and for the more than 450,000 commercial properties that have an ENERGY STAR score.

This is a huge deal because EPA says that more than 40% of U.S. commercial building space is benchmarked in Portfolio Manager (versus less than 1% of U.S. commercial building is LEED certified).

The change is because EPA is updating performance metrics in Portfolio Manager based on more recent market data. This update is part of EPA’s standard process to keep ENERGY STAR metrics current. For most types of commercial buildings, the 1 to 100 ENERGY STAR score is based on the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey, which is conducted once every four years (.. sort of) by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration. This latest CBECS data became available in 2016 and is based on the results of the 2012 survey. (Note that EIA was unable to publish the 2007 CBECS and therefore, many of today’s scores rely on much older CBECS data, hence the dramatic drop now.)

The bottom line is most, if not nearly all ENERGY STAR scores will drop. The 1 to100 ENERGY STAR score compares a building’s energy performance to that of similar buildings nationwide. The most recent market data available shows an overall improvement in the energy performance of the U.S. building stock in recent years.

So when Portfolio Manager metrics are updated on August 26, ENERGY STAR scores and other performance metrics will go down.

Exact score changes for specific buildings or portfolios will not be available prior to the August release. An individual building’s ENERGY STAR score may increase or decrease, depending on energy use, fuel mix, business activity, property type, and other variables, but see the chart above for where EPA suggests most buildings will move.

The following 1 to 100 ENERGY STAR score models will be updated: bank branches, courthouses, financial offices, hotels, houses of worship, K-12 schools, offices, retail, supermarkets, and warehouses.

The release date for all updated scores is August 26, 2018. The online tool will be temporarily unavailable beginning the afternoon of August 26 while the changes are made, and then is anticipated to come back online late in the evening the following day. Users will see the updated metrics when they login to the tool on Monday, August 27.

In addition to updates to 1 to 100 ENERGY STAR score models, there will be two other changes included in the August 2018 metric updates: Beginning after August 26, there will be a new option to use estimated energy use for data centers. This option is designed for smaller data centers, within another property type, and where it is not practical to measure IT energy use.

There will also be a change to the source energy factor helps level the playing field for different fuel types by tracing the energy requirements of the building back to the raw fuel input (coal, gas, steam, hydro, etc.). Based on the national average, the new national source electric factor will be slightly lower. However, performance metrics could increase or decrease depending on the building’s fuel-mix ratio, though changes based on this update alone with be comparatively small in magnitude.

So, apply now for ENERGY STAR certification, especially if your building score is close to 75!

Applications submitted by July 26, 2018 will be assessed using currently available (pre-update) scores. Applications received before July 26, 2018, and which require no significant follow-up or changes, will be approved and awarded certification using the existing score models. Applications received after August 26 will be evaluated using the updated score models.

EPA will not rescind prior ENERGY STAR certifications.

To aid in this transition to updated scores, EPA is making a one-time update to eligibility rules to allow everyone to apply before the score changes are implemented. EPA is updating the requirement to wait at least 11 months after the “Year Ending” date of your last approved application. Policy for 2018 only is all buildings that earned 2017 ENERGY STAR certification will be eligible to apply for 2018 certification using a “Year Ending Date” of April 30, 2018 or earlier.

EPA and the Department of Energy have signaled that in the FY 2019 federal budget, Energy Star will not be funded. I wrote about this in a blog post last year, The Opportunity for ENERGY STAR, when a last minute budget deal temporarily kept the program from being privatized.

But the takeaway for today, while awaiting implementation of the loftier policy, is, apply now for an ENERGY STAR score, especially if your building score is close to 75! You have 75 days to act.

European Data Privacy Law Applicable to Green Buildings

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Codes and Regulations, Green Building

With the upcoming May 25, 2018 effective date for the new European General Data Protection Regulation, the European Union law drafted to provide greater protections for the personal data of individuals, it is a good time to review and consider the large quantity of data generated by green buildings.

The EU GDPR has long arms and its reach impacts a large number of U.S. organizations that might not expect to be subject to a European data privacy law.

Because the EU GDPR, with its global reach, carries with it very large monetary penalties, being as much as the greater of €20,000,000 or 4% of the total worldwide annual turnover from the preceding financial year, every U.S. entity that has minimum contacts with European residents should determine if it is required to comply. Most large U.S. companies are already in compliance.

Many small U.S. organizations have received notices from Google Adwords or Facebook. And among our most read blog posts last years was, Green Building Data has Enormous Economic Upside. It may be shameless self promotion to suggest if you want an overview of matters of green building data, read that blog post. This post is about a subset of those data issues, that is the impact of the new European data privacy law.

An organization must comply with the EU GDPR if it is a controller or processor of “any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person” located in the EU.

The new law is based on a twenty first century application of a tenant of eighteenth century liberalism that “the protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data is a fundamental right.” That is, the overarching principle is that the individual owns its personal data, not the data controllers or processors. This is the opposite of prevailing U.S. laws.

An example may be a U.S. landlord leasing to a French company or that landlord collecting building occupant data for a German resident living in the U.S., which data could be collected as a LEED building occupant survey or a stored video of building occupants entering the lobby. And while, absent an extension or some sort, as a result of Brexit, the UK will leave the EU on March 29, 2019, the law is expected to apply to British citizens.

There are opt-in consent requirements, right to erase (updated from the earlier ‘right to be forgotten’), right to access of one’ data, data security obligations including pseudo anonymization of that data, data breach notification requirements, responsibility for data transferred outside of the EU, and much more. Data processors with 250 or more employees are required to maintain records of processing activity.  A processor with fewer than 250 employees must also keep such records if the processing is likely to result in a risk to the rights and freedoms of data subjects, the processing is more than occasional, or the processing includes certain special categories of data relating to racial or ethnic origin, religious and other beliefs, sexual orientation, or criminal convictions and offenses.

The requirement of opt-in consent, as noted above, can be characterized as the core tenet of the new data protection law. But even obtaining an individual’s consent in order to process their personal data may not be as straightforward as some think, including because consents will need to be refreshed, some are suggesting every two years.

Arguably for many an easy way to comply with the EU GDPR processing requirements, for businesses only dealing with other businesses, is through standardized contract clauses preapproved by the European authorities. This is the model suggested by the Google Adwords emails to U.S. businesses that may have ads viewed in Europe.

The U.S. Green Building Council’s data practices provide the alert that “you must submit extensive information to GBCI related to the Project, including without limitation, any information related to you ..” The practices are publicly articulated in the GBCI legal section 13. Project Information and while there are other reasons not to do so, for the purposes of easily complying with the EU GDPR for purposes of data provided to GBCI, it may be both prudent to first elect for the LEED or arc project to be a “Private Project” opting out of all public data sharing and second not to pursue credits involving occupant data.

The EU law is not only mandatory of all doing business with EU residents, but its broader application may be that it is excellent guidance for any business seeking to mitigate the risk associated with data protection. Because the U.S. does not have an omnibus data protection law, the EU data protection regime has become the de facto standard.

The effective date for the EU GDPR is upon us. Organizations should first and foremost determine whether it is governed by the law.  If so, the organization should promptly undertake efforts to understand what data it collects, processes, and stores. If any of that data involves a person located in the EU, the organization should prepare a plan to bring itself into compliance. Consultation with counsel may be necessary to assure an organization is complying with the new law.

The World is being Forced to Rethink Recycling

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Environmental, Green Globes, LEED, recycling

Maybe not since Plato wrote about the value of reusing waste in the fourth century BC has recycling undergone the wide fluctuation, good and bad, that we are seeing right now. Today, the world has been forced to rethink its approach to waste.

China is driving the change in recycling.

Most recently, China imposed a 25% tariff on U.S. scrap aluminum. The import has resulted in a more than 15% drop in the price of mixed aluminum scrap this past month to 60 cents per pound, an amount that exceeds the profit margin for processors.

This is against a backdrop of China last July 18 banned the imports of 24 varieties of solid waste, including types of plastic and unsorted paper.

And then last month China extended the ban to dozens more types of recyclable materials, including steel waste, used auto parts and old ships.

The resultant chaos in the recycling market is because China is the largest buyer of much of the recycled material the U.S. exports. Last year, China imported 13 million metric tonnes of waste from the U.S.

And the externalities are breathtaking because shipping companies charge less to import all cargo containers into the U.S. when those containers return filled with waste in lieu of returning empty. Moreover, U.S. environmental laws greatly limit reuse of recyclables, including by way of example making all but impossible to recycle plastic drink bottles at scale in the U.S. Which is why it makes sense to export things that are almost worthless all the way to China.

China has long had an official standard that contaminants in imported waste not exceed 1.5% by weight, but it wasn’t enforced. In 2013, China announced Operation Green Fence under which enforcement would be stricter. And in March, 2017 China announced its new National Sword standard although the details were not clear to many in the West until the July 18 notice that the level of contaminants in plastic and paper recyclables China buys must be no more than 0.3%.

The recent acts by China have resulted in prices for mixed recyclable paper to be zero.

More broadly the price of other recycled products have dropped to levels below anything this law firm has ever seen in more than a decade of drafting corporate solid waste plans.

The impact in the U.S. is most recycling no longer makes any economic sense under existing metrics.

All of this drives higher operating costs and in particular for LEED, Green Globes, IgCC and similar projects that include prescriptive recycling plans.

So, the U.S. has been forced to rethink its approach to recycling, including the U.S. Green Building Council’s sister organization, Green Business Certification Inc., announced in late 2017 it was entering the waste recycling certification business with TRUE (Total Resource Use and Efficiency), the new brand identity for its zero waste rating system. The TRUE Zero Waste rating system helps businesses define, pursue and achieve their zero waste goals through project certification including professional credentialing.

TRUE is a systems approach that helps organizations understand how materials flow through their facilities and identify redesign opportunities so that all products are reused. TRUE certified projects meet a minimum of 90% waste diversion for 12 months from landfills, incinerators or the environment.

The TRUE Zero Waste certification, previously administered by the U.S. Zero Waste Business Council, was acquired by GBCI in 2016. And now TRUE is administered by GBCI as a complement to LEED. View the Guide to Certification to learn more and to rethink your recycling.

And with no place far away to ship waste, recyclable or otherwise, waste to energy projects are no longer environmental pariahs and are getting a new look.

That is the good news in the realm of recycling. Such is significant when according to the EPA, the average American generates 4.4 pounds of trash each day, and that number is not falling but the amount recycled had been increasing.

Against the backdrop of China’s aggressive mercantilist policies, with no good market in which to sell many recyclables, while barring domestic reuse, it is now time to rethink the solid waste practices that are currently not supported by good science and disproportionately negatively impact on economically disadvantaged people, which have been largely unchanged since the 1960s.

The Last Straw for a Rational Environmental Policy?

By Stuart Kaplow on Posted in Environmental

In the wake of the 48th anniversary of Earth Day yesterday, among the hottest environmental issues of the day appears to be criminalizing the plastic drinking straw.

The import of the “war on drinking straws” must be true because this week there is a viral video viewed on YouTube more than 5.5 million times of a 2015 incident where a Texas A&M University research team in Costa Rica found a plastic straw stuck in the nose of a sea turtle.

Then there is the widely tossed around statistic that Americans use 500 million plastic drinking straws a day, but upon investigation it appears that number is suspect and had as its basis a 2011 environmental group’s print ad, but no science. There is apparently a single manufacturing facility in Virginia that produced nearly 4 Billion straws last year, most of them small plastic straws for juice boxes.

In response to the current hue and cry over one of the oldest eating utensils, the California cities of San Luis Obispo and Davis both have gone as far as enacting “straws on request” laws and Manhattan Beach has a law banning all disposable plastics. Also, Seattle has enacted a ban on plastic utensils, including straws, going into effect in July.

But potentially impacting more than the populations of those few cities, the state of California has pending, Assembly Bill 1884, that would prohibit sit down food facilities from providing a single use plastic straw to customers unless specifically requested by the customer.

Criminalizing the distribution of drinking straws, under the guise of environmental policy, in a state that decriminalized cannabis distribution, appears foolish to many and of concern to even more that this misguided idea might spread East.

The origin of the first drinking straw is not known, but it dates to more than 5,000 years ago. There is a gold straw in a Giza Pyramid that dates to 2589 BC. We are told Sumerians used straws to drink their beer 3,000 years ago to reach the solids at the bottle of the brew.

In America it became fashionable in the 1800s to drink from an inexpensive and easily created rye grass straw. The first modern drinking straw was likely the creation of American inventor Marvin C. Stone who began selling paper straws in 1888. And while straws have remained popular, the 1960 era of The Graduate, and “a great future in plastics” has resulted straws becoming part of our culture.

There appears to be little if any science supporting the criminalization of drinking straws? Anti-straw advocacy activists (.. yes, that is a real thing) appear focused on post consumer pollution of discarded straws after a single use, but they don’t seem concerned about the associated ‘less than ideally biodegradable’ drink boxes, usually 6 layers of paper lined with aluminum foil, nor is there a hue and cry because plastic drinking straws are typically made from polypropylene, contributing to petroleum consumption?

There are biodegradable drinking straws on the market, but corn based straws have not proven popular. There are paper straws as well as bamboo and straw straws. Glass straws have always had a place, but have issues of their own.

But maybe the real issue is that drinking straws are not actually the single greatest environmental threat to life as we know it on this planet?

In 1970 when Earth Day was created U.S. rivers were on fire and smog choked our cities. 38 years later most do not think that the environmental apocalypse will begin with a drinking straw, even one disposed of with a juice drink box in California. In 2018, possibly elected officials can find another boogeyman as a last straw for rational environmental policy?

LexBlog